2024-2029: Five years to deliver the Green Deal’s mobility promises

Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) solutions have been a fixture in developed nations for many years, particularly serving as public transport alternatives in areas characterized by low passenger demand where conventional public transportation may not be economically feasible. Recent technological advancements have significantly improved DRT services, leveraging transport telematics to enhance flexibility in booking, route planning, and adaptability to varying demand levels. Modern DRT services are notably inclusive, addressing the mobility needs of individuals with difficulties, thereby contributing to social inclusivity. In Europe, there is a growing momentum around DRT services, particularly in medium and small-sized cities, as well as low-density suburbs of major metropolitan areas. Referred to as Bus On Demand or Microtransit, these services offer public transportation with flexible routes and schedules, dynamically adjusting based on real-time demand data collected through digital communication tools. While the concept has been prevalent in rural areas, relying on telephone-based requests and manual service routing, the digitalization of public transport and widespread mobile phone adoption now presents an opportunity to enhance accessibility in urban low-demand areas. However, the adoption of DRT in European cities faces various challenges. One significant hurdle is the imperative to make the service appealing, especially in instances where demand is inherently low. This poses a profitability challenge for transport authorities and operators, often necessitating subsidies from authorities to ensure a minimal return on investment for the operators. Furthermore, the successful deployment of DRT solutions encounters obstacles related to a knowledge gap and a dearth of planning tools for Public Transport Authorities (PTAs). Design criteria are frequently estimated on a case-by-case basis and undergo continuous modification once the service is operational. Addressing these challenges is pivotal for the widespread implementation and success of DRT solutions in European urban settin